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''Tuồng cải lương'' or ''cải lương'' in short, which can be roughly translated as "reformed theater" or "renovated theater" in English, is a form of modern folk opera in Vietnam. It blends southern Vietnamese folk songs, classical music, ''hát tuồng'' (a classical theatre form based on Chinese opera), and modern spoken drama. They are on DVD but some on DVD could copied from VHS since the format ==History and description== It originated in Southern Vietnam in the early 20th century, and blossomed in the 1930s as a theatre of the middle class during the country's French colonial period. ''Cải lương'' is now promoted as a national theatrical form. Unlike the other folk forms, it continued to prove popular with the masses as late as the 1970s and the 1980s, although it is now in decline.〔http://english.vietnamnet.vn/lifestyle/2007/07/720997/ Mekong Delta nostalgic for cai luong’s golden days. 21 July 2007〕〔http://english.vietnamnet.vn/lifestyle/2008/08/799781/ Beyond remedy for Cai luong. VietNamNet Bridge. 21 August 2008〕 ''Cải lương'' can be compared to a sort of play with the added aspect of Vọng cổ. This term literally means "nostalgia for the past", it is a special type of singing with the background music often being the ''đàn tranh'' zither or the ''đàn ghi-ta'' (Vietnamized guitar). In a typical ''cải lương'' play, the actresses and actors would use a combination of regular spoken dialogue and ''vọng cổ'' to express their thoughts and emotions. ''Cải lương'' normally highlights/praises Vietnamese moral values. There are mainly two types of ''cải lương'': ''cải lương tuồng cổ'' (ancient) and ''cải lương xã hội'' (modern). ''Cải lương xã hội'' ("society reformed theater" 改良社會) consists of stories about modern Vietnamese society. The plots deal with romantic love story blended with family/ social relationships. The stories also explore cultural norms, social norms, and other aspects of Vietnamese society, e.g. ''Đời Cô Lựu'', ''Tô Ánh Nguyệt''. This type can be somehow described as tragedy, but happy ended. However, a few ''cải lương xã hội'' such as "Ra Giêng Anh Cưới Em" are comedic and light. ''Cải lương tuồng cổ''. The actor/actress dress old fashion costume. The plot is based on tale, legend or hictory story of the feudal system, where kings and warriors still existed. For example, ''Bên Cầu Dệt Lụa'', ''Lục Vân Tiên'', ''Tiếng Trống Mê Linh'' etc. Many plots come from huge source of Chinese historic/ancient legends. ''Lương Son Bá-Chúc Anh Đài'' is based on the Chinese legend of butterfly lovers. In ''Cải lương tuồng cổ'', ''Hồ Quảng'' a kind of Chinese opera may be mixed. Hence, some ''Cải lương tuồng cổ'' may be called ''Cải lương Hồ Quảng'', which is more like a musical. In addition to regular speech, ''ca cải lương'', and ''Vọng cổ'', several melodies are incorporated into the play . These melodies are reused through different plays, however the words are changed to fit the context of the plays. ''Cải lương tuồng cổ'' can be characterized by beautiful, elaborate costumes comprising beautiful and colorful dress pieces; large, beautiful glittery hairpieces; elaborate warrior armor; and elaborate warrior head pieces. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cải lương」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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